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ÉLISEZ LES MEILLEURS POLITICIENS (2007/08)
Robert Sedraki Kocharian, President of the third republic of Armenia
Robert Sedraki Kocharian
President of the third republic of Armenia
Président en exercice de la République d'Arménie
 
Flag_of_Armenia
 

Robert Sedraki Kocharian (born August 31, 1954) is the second president of the third republic of Armenia.
Personal details
Kocharian, who speaks fluent Russian and English was born in Stepanakert, Nagorno-Karabakh, at that time the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast under the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic. He received his secondary education there and from 1972 to 1974 served in the Soviet Army. He and his wife, Bella Kocharian, have three children: Sedrak, Gayane, and Levon, each of whom was born in Stepanakert. His wife, also born in Stepanakert, is a graduate of the Yerevan Medical Institute and each of his children is an alumnus of Yerevan State University. On February 20, 2006, his elder son Sedrak had a daughter, who was named Bella. Sedrak is also widely known in Armenia, as a monopolist in mobile phone retail. A government prosecutor, who tried to interfere in that busines, selling a small amount of mobile phones, was fired from his governmental positon.
Early career
Kocharian's career began as an engineer at Stepanakert's electro-technical plant in 1971. After starting as a turner, he was later promoted to the post of mechanical engineer. In 1982, he graduated from Yerevan Polytechnic Institute's Electro-Technical Department with honors.
Robert Kocharian in an interview on Nagorno-Karabakh with ABC News in 1989.

Robert Kocharian in an interview on Nagorno-Karabakh with ABC News in 1989.
Kocharian was drawn to politics after joining a movement to cede the land of Nagorno-Karabakh, his birth place, from the Azerbaijan SSR to the Armenian SSR. Throughout the 1980s, he occupied various posts in Nagorno-Karabakh's communist youth league and party. By February 1988, Kocharian became one of the leaders in the Karabakh movement, as a member of the Krunk organization. After the organization broke apart, he founded the Miatsum (or Unification) organization. His influential political style brought him through the ranks of Soviet politics and by 1989, emerged as a deputy of Armenia's Supreme Soviet. In 1991, Kocharian was elected a deputy of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic's Supreme Soviet of the first convocation.
With the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict plunged into all-out war. In August 1992, Kocharian became Chairman of the State Defense Committee of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (or NKR). He played a key role in mobilizing forces and stopping the Azerbaijani military offensive that threatened to overrun NKR and remove its population. This made it possible to turn the tide in the war for the Armenians. On May 12, a cease-fire was proclaimed and has largely held since. Kocharian was elected NKR's first President on December 24 by the decision of the NKR Supreme Soviet.
On March 20, 1997, Kocharian left his post as President when he was appointed Prime Minister of Armenia. In February 1998, Armenian President Levon Ter-Petrossian was forced to step down after advocating concessions to Azerbaijan in the resolution of the conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh that many Armenians regarded as undermining their security. His key ministers, led by Kocharian, refused to accept a peace plan for Karabakh put forward by international mediators in September 1997. The plan, accepted by Ter-Petrossian and Azerbaijan, called for a "phased" settlement of the conflict which would postpone an agreement on Karabakh's status. That agreement was to accompany the return of most Armenian-controlled Azerbaijani territories around Karabakh and the lifting of the Azerbaijani and Turkish blockades of Armenia.

After Ter-Petrossian's resignation, Kocharian was elected Armenia's second President on March 30, 1998, defeating his main rival, Karen Demirchyan in early presidential marred by irregularities and violations as reported by international electoral observers. According to some experts, was engaged in shocking terrorist shootings in Armenian parliament in 1999 to eliminate the political leaders that could compete with him on national level.

Presidency
As President, Kocharian continued to negotiate a peaceful resolution with Azerbaijan President Ilham Aliyev on the status of Nagorno-Karabakh. Talks between Aliyev and Kocharian were held in September 2004 in Astana, Kazakhstan, on the sidelines of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) summit. Reportedly, one of the suggestions put forward was the withdrawal of the occupying forces from the Azeri territories adjacent to Nagorno-Karabakh, and holding referenda (plebiscites) in Nagorno-Karabakh and Azerbaijan proper regarding the future status of the region. On February 10-11, 2006, Kocharian and Aliev met in Rambouillet, France to discuss the fundamental principles of a settlement to the conflict, including the withdrawal of troops, formation of international peace keeping troops, and the status of Nagorno-Karabakh.
During the weeks and days before the talks in France, OSCE Minsk Group co-chairmen expressed cautious optimism that some form of an agreement was possible. French President Jacques Chirac met with both leaders separately and expressed hope that the talks would be fruitful. Contrary to the initial optimism, the Rambouillet talks did not produce any agreement, with key issues such as the status of Nagorno-Karabakh and whether Armenian troops would withdraw from Kalbajar still being contentious. The next session of the talks is scheduled for March in Washington, D.C.. Russian President, Vladimir Putin announced his intention to meet with Kocharian in Moscow to discuss the issue.
In a 2001 interview with the Turkish Daily News, Kocharian expressed hope in the spread of recognition for the Armenian Genocide by other nations in the international community.

On March 5, 2003, Kocharian won re-election for a second term as President. However, his re-election was marred by allegations of electoral fraud against both candidates. In early 2004, there were calls for Kocharian's resignation and opposition-led demonstrators took to the streets in support of demands for a referendum of confidence in him.
 
FRANÇAIS
 

Robert Sedraki Kotcharian est le Président en exercice de la République d'Arménie depuis le 1er avril 1998.
Robert Kotcharian est né le 31 août 1954 à Stepanakert alors capitale de la région autonome du Haut-Karabagh, une enclave peuplée d'Arméniens au sein de la République socialiste soviétique d'Azerbaïdjan.
Kotcharian devient Président de la République auto-proclamée du Haut-Karabagh en 1994, puis premier ministre d'Arménie le 20 mars 1997. Suite à la démission du Président Levon Ter Petrossian le 3 février 1998, Kotcharian devient Président par intérim. Il est élu à ce poste le 30 mars 1998 avec 59,5% des voix face au candidat communiste Karen Demirtchian. Kotcharian est réélu à ce poste pour cinq ans le 5 mars 2003 avec 67,5% des voix face à Stepan Demirtchian, fils de Karen Demirtchian.
Les positions ultra-nationalistes de Kotcharian sont son atout politique majeur. Il a régné sur le Haut-Karabagh en gardant ses positions belliqueuses face à l'Azerbaïdjan et en matant de manière autoritaire toute opposition à son pouvoir. Habile politique il a, malgré ses positions, réussi à faire subsister le cessez-le-feu en vigueur depuis 1994 avec le voisin azéri.
Ancien cadre du parti communiste à l'époque de l'Union soviétique, il est désormais indépendant de tout parti.
Certains voient la main de Kotcharian derrière l'irruption le 27 octobre 1999 d'un commando au Parlement et l'assassinat de deux rivaux de Kotcharian : le président de l'Assemblée nationale Karen Demirtchian et le premier ministre Vazguen Sargsian.
En avril 2002, des manifestants protestent contre l'acquisition par des proches de Kotcharian de la chaîne de télévision indépendante A1+ ; en août la compagnie nationale d'électricité est vendue à une obscure société financière off-shore. Beaucoup de voix se sont aussi élevées, dont celle de l'OSCE, pour protester contre les fraudes électorales qui ont accompagné la réélection de Kotcharian à la Présidence le 5 mars 2003.

Début 2004, des centaines de personnes manifestaient à Erevan demandant la mise en place d'un référendum pour révoquer Kotcharian.
 
Location Armenia
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